The somatic selective chromatid-specific Imprinting mechanism produces sister cells with different cell-types in evolutionarily diverse fission yeasts (reviewed in1). Motivated by our yeast work that discovered this monochromatid gene expression phenomenon and the selective chromatid segregation phenomenon we discovered in mouse cells2, we had proposed that DNA strands chirality can may be converted into a/symmetric gene expression of sister cells to provide a general mechanism for eukaryotic development. This mechanism has indeed explained the mathematics of developmental mutant phenotypes: (I) visceral organs asymmetry development in mice and of (II) neuronal left/right asymmetry in nematode3,4; (III) etiologies of human brain hemispheric laterality to cause mirror hand movements disorder in rad51/RAD51 persons5; (IV) psychoses disorders by chromosome 11 translocations6; (V) the two-colored wing spots pigmentation of the Bruchus beetle piebald mutant7; and (VI) the split hand-/foot malformation by the chromosome 2 rearrangements8. So, just as mechanisms of cell cycle, cell biology, meiosis, recombination etc. are conserved from yeast to metazoans, DNA strand-based developmental mechanism has been conserved in diverse organisms. Results of mat1 imprinting in yeast and newer support for this mechanism for human limb development will be presented. Note: the conventional morphogen model of development has been withdrawn9.
1. Klar AJS, Ishikawa K, Moore S. 2014. Microbial Spectrum 2:515-28. 2. Armakolas A, Klar AJS. 2006. Science 311:1146-9.3. Klar 2008. Breast disease 29:47-56. 4. Sauer, S. & Klar 2012. Front. Oncol. 2: article 166. 5. Klar 2014. Int J Biol Sci 10:1018. 6. ----- 2014. J Neurol Disord 2:173. 7. ---- 2015. Frontiers in Bioscience, Elite 7: 322-333. 8. ---- 2015. Developmental Biology, 408:7-13. 9. Richardson MK 2009. Diffusible gradients are out - an interview with Lewis Wolpert. The International journal of developmental biology, 53:659-62.