Neuron stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) of zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) are known to thrive during recovery after hypoxia, but not all cells have been fully characterized. To address this, zebrafish transgenic huORFZ embryos were exposed to hypoxia, followed by oxygen recovery (OR), and GFP was exclusively expressed in some CNS cells. Among these GFP-expressing cells, most were NSPCs and radial glia cells (RGs), along with a few oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OLPs) and oligodendrocytes (OLs), all termed as hypoxia-responsive recovering cells (HrRCs). After hypoxia, HrRCs did not undergo apoptosis, but GFP(-) neurons did. Among HrRCs, only GFP(+)-NSPCs and GFP(+)-RGs proliferated, migrated, and differentiated into functional neurons during OR. When some HrRCs were ablated in the spinal cord of hypoxia-exposed huORFZ embryos, swimming performance was impaired, suggesting that HrRCs are involved in neuronal regeneration. In huORFZ embryos treated with spinal cord injury, GFP-expressing cells displayed characteristics similar to HrRCs. These results imply that type-specific cell populations in zebrafish spinal cord can respond sensitively to hypoxia and play a role in neural regeneration.