PgmNr Y3089: Chromatin regulation of pericentromic non-coding RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its effect on chromosome stability.

Authors:
A. Ravi Shankar; J. Gallagher


Institutes
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.


Keyword: Chromatin

Abstract:

Non-coding RNAs in higher eukaryotes are known to play important roles in genome stability, whereas in Saccharomyces cerevisiae any explicit roles are yet to be deciphered. Centromeres in eukaryotes are broadly classified as regional or point centromeres. S. cerevisiae contain point centromeres that do not exhibit centromeric silencing as regional centromeres do, but have specialized chromatin essential for function. In yeast, essential genes are often found near the centromere. Hence, non-coding RNA found near the centromere may be responsible for maintaining centromere function and prevent spreading of silencing chromatin. The minimal point centromeres are 125 base pairs in length with three conserved elements (CDE) and contain the centromere specific histone H3 variant, Cse4. Of the 16 yeast chromosomes almost half of them were found to have pericentromeric Stable Unannotated Transcripts (pSUTs) which were all found to be transcribed away from the CDEIII side of the yeast centromere. SUTs were discovered using genome-wide tiling arrays covering the entire yeast genome. These pericentromeric noncoding RNAs were found to be regulated by Sir1 and Cac1, which are important for heterochromatic silencing at other regions of the genome. Studies on the interaction time of Sir1 at the centromere, and the cell cycle stage in which this takes place, will help fill the gap in knowledge regarding the silencing mechanisms involved. The Nonsense Mediated Decay pathway was mostly responsible for the degradation of these pericentromeric transcripts in the cytoplasm. Absence of pSUTs increases sensitivity to chemicals such as hydroxyurea when combined with sir1, cac1 double mutants or with an NMD mutant suggesting that the pSUT itself may play a role in DNA replication through centromeric DNA. The extent of conservation of this region within the Saccharomyces clade would emphasize its importance. Further studies will address the function of the pSUTs on chromosome stability and determine requirements for transcription.



Yeast Database Genetic Index
1. gene symbol: SIR1; systematic name: YKR101W
2. gene symbol: RLF2; systematic name: YPR018W