PgmNr Y3150: A possible role for eIF5A post-translational modification in yeast Ty1 retrotransposition.

Authors:
Alexis Morrissey; Jill Keeney


Institutes
Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA.


Keyword: Genomics

Abstract:

Retrotransposons are genetic elements capable of forming a virus-like particle after translation and inserting their sequence into other parts of the genome. This insertion can result in mutations, remove mutations, or even alter the overall length of the genome. Retrotransposons are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. It has been hypothesized that transposons help to create genetic variation and may have a role in aging. Ty1, the most frequently found retrotransposon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, provides a model for studying retrotransposition mechanisms in yeast. We observed an increase in the retrotransposition of Ty1 when the gene FMS1 was overexpressed. FMS1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of spermidine, a molecule used for the post-translational modification of the elongation factor eIF5A. This elongation factor has been shown to play an important role in the efficient translation of polyproline motifs, specifically those containing three or more prolines in a row. We hypothesize that the connection between FMS1 and Ty1 transposition is due to the presence of polyproline motifs in Ty1. Using Ty sequences from UniProt and a constructed Java program, we were able to analyze all classes of Ty retrotransposons (1-5). We found that Ty1 retrotransposons have the highest number of polyproline motifs with an average of 2.3±0.7, the second highest being the Ty2 class with an average of 1±0. Our study is specifically looking at Ty1-H3 due to its extensive use in genetic screenings. Ty1-H3 has a total of three polyproline motifs in its protein sequence. Using another constructed Java program, we were able to analyze a fasta file from the Saccharomyces Genome Database containing the yeast proteome for the number of polyproline motifs in each individual protein. We found that <1% of proteins contained three or more polyproline motifs, showing that Ty1-H3 was unique when compared to the whole proteome. Additionally, we created a gene ontology map of the genes with three or more polyproline motifs using the BiNGO extension in Cytoscape. Viral gene ontology terms had notably low p-values (10-5), showing the overrepresentation of this group of proteins. Current and future experiments are aimed at determining whether specific polyproline motifs within the Ty1-H3 sequence impact transposition rates.



Yeast Database Genetic Index
1. gene symbol: FMS1; systematic name: YMR020W
2. gene symbol: HYP2; systematic name: YEL034W