PgmNr Z603: The role of the Nkd EF-hand in modulating Wnt signaling outputs.

Authors:
A. N. Marsden 1,2 ; S. W. Derry 1 ; T. A. Westfall 1 ; D. C. Slusarski 1,2


Institutes
1) Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; 2) Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.


Abstract:

The Wnt signaling network plays critical roles in development and is implicated in human disease. Wnts comprise a complex signaling network that, upon ligand binding, activates the phosphoprotein Dishevelled (Dvl), leading to distinct outputs including polarized cell movement (known as planar cell polarity, Wnt/PCP) and stabilization of the transcription factor β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin). The mechanisms that determine a specific output are not completely understood, especially because they share receptors and cellular effectors, such as Naked-cuticle (Nkd), a Dvl-interacting protein. The Nkd protein contains a myristoylation domain and an EF-hand, a putative calcium binding domain. Genetic evidence in Drosophila demonstrates that Nkd acts as a Wnt/β-catenin antagonist, while in contrast, Nkd modulates both branches of Wnt signaling in vertebrates. We hypothesize that the specialized role of Nkd in Drosophila is due to a disrupted EF-hand that cannot not bind calcium. Indeed, this change is unique to Drosophila and is not present in closely related insects. To test the role of the Nkd EF-hand in Wnt signal integration, we created Nkd with a neutralized EF-hand, as well as a Drosophila-like EF-hand, and manipulate Nkd activity in the zebrafish. Using a combination of biochemical and functional assays, we identified a requirement for the Nkd EF-hand in Wnt/PCP but not in Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional outputs. We demonstrate that the Drosophila-like Nkd antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin more robustly than zebrafish Nkd. The EF-hand of Nkd is similar to the EF-hand of a known calcium binding protein, Recoverin, a myristoyl-swtich protein that shuttles between the membrane and the cytoplasm depending on its calcium bound state. Consistently, we observe that NkdWT shows localization changes in the calcium fluxing DFCs versus calcium quiescent cells but not the mutant forms. The Nkd EF-hand may serve to interpret the physiology of a cell receiving multiple cues and provides mechanistic insight into Wnt signal integration in vivo.



ZFIN Genetics Index
1. nkd1