PgmNr D1183: Spargel/dPGC-1 is involved in Insulin-TOR signaling, nutrient sensing and Oogenesis.

Authors:
M. A. BASAR; Kishana Williamson; Atanu Duttaroy


Institutes
Howard University, Washington, DC.


Keyword: oogenesis

Abstract:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) is a transcriptional co-activator that is expressed abundantly in tissues with high-  energy demand, including the brown adipose tissue, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and brain.  In vertebrates PGC-1 has been linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism.  Spargel/dPCG-1, the fly homolog of PGC-1 also regulates the expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes, mitochondrial O2 consumption and ATP production.  Earlier studies claimed that spargel (srl) belongs to insulin-TOR pathway and thus facilitate nutrient sensing by TOR.  Gene array data suggested that among all adult tissues srl mRNA is abundantly expressed in the ovary.  Using an anti-srl antibody we now have proof that srl expression is strictly limited to the ovary while the rest of the body expresses negligible quantities of srl.  Female germline specific knockdown of spargel completely shuts down the egg chamber’s growth at midstage afterwards the egg chambers die through caspase-3 activation. Most interestingly, feeding excess yeast doesn’t change ovarian growth when spargel is ablated, which proves that spargel serves as a critical facilitator between nutrition and growth. Our analysis reveals that germline depletion of spargel causes coagulation of Notch protein in germ cell cytoplasm and Notch mediated E(spl) gene activation is negatively affected in the follicle cells.  Although, Notch mediated Hindsight expression kicks off earlier. Finally, we now have proof that the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) of spargel plays an important role in healthy egg development. In summary, spargel is indispensable in coordinating ovarian growth and development.



Flybase Genetic Index:
1. FlyBase gene symbol: srl; FBgn: FBgn0037248
2. FlyBase gene symbol: Notch; FBgn: FBgn0004647
3. FlyBase gene symbol: TOR; FBgn: FBgn0021796