PgmNr W431: The balance of PAR polarity dictates cellular division patterning.

Authors:
Yenwei Lim 1 ; Fumio Motegi 1,2,3


Institutes
1) Temasek Life-science Laboratory, Singapore, SG; 2) Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, SG; 3) National University of Singapore, Singapore, SG.


Keyword: Asymmetric cell divisions

Abstract:

A hallmark of living cells is the ability to generate copies of them but also to give rise to differentiated cell types. Every cell has to make a binary choice between symmetric or asymmetric cell divisions for cell fate diversification and tissue homeostasis during development. However, much remains unknown about the mechanism behind the cellular division making. To assess the mechanisms underlying the regulatory switch of division patterns, we have developed a system with C. elegans two-celled zygotes, which maintain robust developmental program, dictating the anterior and posterior blastomeres to commit symmetric and asymmetric division, respectively. By artificially manipulating spatial pattern of PAR polarity and segregation of fate determinants, we found that tipping the balance of antagonizing PAR proteins, PAR-2 and PAR-6, is sufficient to reprogram cell division patterns, resulting in all combinations of asymmetric and/or symmetric divisions at two-celled zygotes. The choice of division patterns does not rely on segregation of fate determinants, cellular size asymmetry, and cell cycle asynchrony. Our findings support the model, where balance between antagonizing PAR levels within a cell is the critical determinant for its choice in division patterns.