Oviposition (egg-laying) in Drosophila requires passage of the egg from the ovary to the uterus via the oviduct, and activation of octopamine receptors in the oviduct. Additional glutamatergic and peptidergic inputs work in concert with octopaminergic signals to promote movement of the egg through the oviduct, but the mechanisms by which these pathways interact remain unclear. Studies in larger insects suggest that glutamate and proctolin cause contraction of the oviduct, whereas octopamine may promote relaxation. The opposing effects of glutamate and octopamine on contraction suggest that the descending, presynaptic neurons mediating each effect might be activated in a reciprocal pattern. To test this possibility, and more precisely determine the mechanism by which glutmatergic and octopaminergic components of this circuit interact, we have developed a preparation for live imaging of both neuronal firing in the thoracic ganglia, and muscle contractions in the oviduct. Using a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we observe activation of a single octopaminergic neuron the thoracic ganglion lasting up to 100seconds and an unexpected localization of calcium signals to muscle to defined subdomains in the oviduct musculature. Further experiments using application of exogenous octopamine and calcium imaging in glutamatergic neuron will be used to establish the precise relationship between the activity of glutamatergic neurons, octopaminergic neurons and regulation of contractions in the oviduct.