PgmNr D1002: An acentrosomal perinuclear microtubule-organizing center in Drosophila fat body cells maintains cell shape and organelle positioning.

Authors:
R. Buchwalter; Y. Zheng; J. Chen; B. Dietrick; L. R. Kao; T. Megraw


Institutes
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.


Keyword: cytoskeleton

Abstract:

While the centrosome is generally considered the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells, acentrosomal MTOCs are found in diverse contexts in differentiated cells. Acentrosomal MTOCs can assemble in the cytoplasm, at the plasma membrane, nuclear periphery, adherens junction, golgi, and mitochondrion. These varied MTOCs serve roles such as nuclear positioning, establishing planar cell polarity, sperm morphogenesis, and neuron dendrite branching, depending on the cell types where they assemble. However, little is known about the assembly and molecular makeup of acentrosomal MTOCs. We have discovered an MTOC located at the nuclear periphery in larval fat body cells. Similar to adipose tissue and liver in mammals, Drosophila fat bodies have high metabolic activity and mobilize lipid stores and other sources to provide energy for the organism during development and under stress conditions such as starvation. We show that the fat body MTOC is comprised of at least 9 proteins that are also components of the centrosome. Specifically, a subset of centrosomal proteins that are components of the pericentriolar material (PCM) of the centrosome constitute the fat body perinuclear MTOC. We will present these components and their requirements for MTOC function and their link to the intranuclear cytoskeleton through the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Mutations in at least two components impair nuclear position and cell shape. We also show that the MTs at this MTOC are rich in posttranslational modifications and may be unusually stable. Finally, we aim to connect the function of the fat body MTOC to the regulation of autophagy: a function we show belongs to several of the PCM proteins at the MTOC and likely a key function of the fat body to regulate metabolism (see poster by Y. Zheng et al. for study of the centrosome’s role in autophagy).